PART OF SPEECH

PART OF SPEECH

In learning a language, the most important things that is knowing the part of speech (pembagian kelas kata). There are 8 of parts of speech, those are:

1.       Kata ganti/ pronoun

2.       Kata sifat/ adjective

3.       Kata benda/ noun

4.       Kata hubung/ conjunction

5.       Kata keterangan/ adverb

6.       Kata kerja/ verb

7.       Kata seru/ interjection

8.       Kata depan/ preposition

We call them PANCAVIP in order to we can be easily to memorize it.  

In this lesson, i am going to tell you all of the part of speech spesificly. So, let’s check this out!

A.      Kata ganti/ pronoun

1.     Pronoun as subject

Pronoun must be appropiate by the verb both TOBE  and ordinary verb, for example:

I am tired                     I go to campus

He is tall                       He goes to campus

2.     Pronoun as object

Pronoun can be an object of FULL VERB and object of PREPOSITION, for example:

OBJECT OF VERB                       OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

  I meet them                                        Look at me!

Pronoun it used for animal or single noun, sedangkan they  or them used for plurel noun:

·         The car is expensive, but i like it.

·         The novels are interesting, I like them.

3.       Pronoun as adjective and possesive

Possesive adjective                     Possesive pronoun

My                                                 mine

Your                                               yours

His                                                  his

Her                                                 hers

Its                                                   -

Our                                                ours

Your                                               yours

Their                                              theirs

Possesive adjective (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their) always followed by noun, for example:

This my mobile phone.                                         Here is your flash disk.

Possesive pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, ours yours, theirs) can not be followed by   noun.

This is mine.                                                              Here is yours.

4.       Another possesive pronoun

a)      Possesive adj + own

My own sister                                   My own house

b)      a/ an + noun + of + + possesive pronoun used for express possesive:

A friend of mine                               A book of yours

c)       on + possesive adjective + own (the meaning is alone):

I cannot just leaving on my own.

d)      By + reflexive pronoun (the meaning is alone):

I cannot adjust to living by myself.

e)      Reflexive pronoun

·         Reflexive prounoun is a pronoun that show about the result of the action that have been done by the subject about the subject it self.

She cut herself when she was cooking.

·         Reflexive pronoun can be positioned after these verb:

Control                 dry         enjoy     cut          introduce

Blame                   hurt       help

Example:

They dried themselves after swimming.

Don’t blame yourself.

·         Reflexive pronoun can be positioned after preposition, for example:

He usually talks to himself.                          Take care of yourself.

·         By + reflexive pronoun dosen’t have any helping of part of speech. Always used by the meaning alone.

I can libe by myself.

f)       Emphatic Pronoun

Emphatic pronoun is same as reflexive pronoun but has different function. Emphatic pronoun has a function for emphisize in a subject, for example:

I myself sent the letter yesterday.                           He himself sent the letter yesterday.

Yourself               (single)

Yourselves          (plurel)

g)      Indifinite Pronoun

Indifinite pronoun is pronoun that refers to uncertain someone or something. For example:

Anybody – anything – everyone – nobody – nothing – someone – anyone – everybody – everything – no one – somebody – something

·         Someone, something, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything are used in positive sentence

Someone is opening the door.

·         Anything, anybody, nothing, nobody, and no one are used in negative sentence

I didn’t do anything last night.

·         Anything, anybody, and anyone are used in interogative sentence

Did she do anything last week ?

·         Anything, anybody, and anyone are used after word if

If anything bad happened talk to me.

·         Something, everything, anything, and nothing refer to  thing or something while someone, somebody, anybody, anything, nobody, and no one refer to man or human

Somebody has taken the book.

Something happens in this day.

·         As a subject of sentence,  indifinite pronoun uses single verb

Somebody goes to the palce everyday.

·         If indifinite pronoun is used for plurel object, they must use they, them, their, or theirs

Nobody submitted their homework.

h)      Demonstrative Pronoun

The examples are:

·         This (one thing) and these (more than one thing) are positioned before single countable noun and single uncountable noun

This car is expensive.

·         That (one thing) and those (more than one thing) are positioned before plurel countable noun

These cars are expensive.

B.      Kata benda/ noun

WUJUD	JUMLAH
1.       Abstract Sad – sadness Happy – happines Clever – cleverness	1.       Countable Book, pen, person, child, etc. a.       Singular Desk, soap, knife etc. b.      Plurel Desks, soaps, knifes etc. ·         Reguler Singular               Plurel book                     books table                     tables ·           Irreguler Singular               Plurel Foot                      feet Child                     children
2.       Concret a.       Common noun Flower, animal, country b.       Proper Noun Rose, cat, Indonesia c.       Collective Noun Boy band, fatayat, 5 TBI d.       Material Noun Stone, water, sugar	3.       Uncountable Water, sand, stars, money, lenf I have much money